Malocclusion in Rabbits

Malocclusion in Rabbits
By Dr. Narupon Leeamnuaycharoen, Kwankhum Animal Hospital

Normally, all of a rabbit's teeth grow continuously throughout its life. On average, the incisors grow approximately 2 mm per week, while the molars grow about 3 mm per month. If any factors disrupt the balance between tooth growth and natural wear, the dental structure becomes abnormal. This often leads to secondary complications, particularly within the digestive system.

Contributing Factors
Age
Genetics
Dietary Management: Improper nutrition or lack of fiber.
Secondary Diseases: Conditions that cause an imbalance between growth and wear, such as metabolic bone disease.
Clinical Signs
Decreased appetite or anorexia (refusal to eat).
Dropping food from the mouth while attempting to eat.
Hypersalivation (drooling).
Halitosis (bad breath).
Weight loss.
Visible lumps or swellings (abscesses) around the jaw area.
Diagnosis
Medical History: Reviewing the rabbit's diet and behavior.
Physical Examination: General health check-up.
Oral Examination: Using specialized tools to inspect the teeth.
Radiography (X-ray): To assess the tooth roots and jaw structure.
Treatment Guidelines
Dietary Adjustment: Increasing high-fiber intake (e.g., hay) to promote natural wear.
Trimming/Grinding: Smoothing down overgrown teeth.
Tooth Extraction: Removing severely diseased or problematic teeth.
Surgery: Procedures such as marsupialization to treat jaw abscesses.